Here are key highlights from September 2025 detailing global news and regulatory updates.
US & Canada
- California’s data protection authority requires company to pay a record $1.35 million fine for violating the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA).
- California governor signs into law the Transparency in Frontier AI Act (TFAIA), which mandates that major AI developers publicly outline their strategies for mitigating the potentially “catastrophic risks” associated with advanced frontier AI models.
- Nova Scotia modernizes its Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy (FOIPOP) Act, including a more independent privacy commissioner, mandatory breach notification, and increased fines.
EMEA
- EU European Commission releases draft guidance and a reporting template for serious AI incidents, inviting stakeholder feedback.
- EU European Commission begins the process of adopting a GDPR adequacy decision for Brazil, aiming to enable unrestricted personal data flows between Brazil and the EU (also in LATAM).
- EU European Commission and South Korea’s Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) mark the entry into force of South Korea’s adequacy decision on the EU (also in APAC).
- EU European Data Protection Board (EDPB) issues guidelines on the interplay between the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the GDPR.
- EU General Court dismisses challenge to annul the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework, upholding its validity and privacy safeguards, and providing legal certainty for transatlantic data flows amid ongoing scrutiny.
- EU Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) clarifies that pseudonymized data in some circumstances may not be considered personal data under the GDPR.
- Italy passes a new law regulating AI, making it the first EU member state to adopt comprehensive rules aligned with the EU’s AI Act.
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APAC
- China releases version 2.0 of its Artificial Intelligence Safety Governance Framework, enhancing technical standards and reinforcing ethical review mechanisms.
- India is expected to release final rules for the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) that will offer organizations a compliance framework once the DPDPA becomes enforceable.
- New Zealand’s Privacy Amendment Act passes into law, adding the Information Privacy Principle 3A (IPP3A) to address the collection of personal information by agencies.
- South Korea’s Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) and the EU European Commission mark the entry into force of South Korea’s adequacy decision on the EU (also in EMEA).
LATAM
- Brazil’s national data protection authority becomes an independent regulatory agency provided with its own assets and legal seat in the Federal District.
- Brazil is the focus of a new GDPR adequacy decision process initiated by the European Commission, aiming to enable unrestricted personal data flows between Brazil and the EU (also in EMEA).
Global
- 20 data protection authorities sign a joint statement on building trustworthy data governance, acknowledging their roles in shaping data governance frameworks that address AI-related challenges.